At WSP, we have long-standing expertise with the key parameters that affect breakwater performance and a proven track record of delivering breakwater projects across the globe. We know that vessel downtime is a serious issue for a busy modern commercial port, so we employ state-of-the-art optimization techniques to ensure that breakwaters create calm and quiet water for marine traffic. In construction, methodology and materials should be considered to devise a truly optimal solution.
Factors that affect the overall design of a breakwater include the choice of materials, site conditions, construction techniques and the future maintenance regime for the structure. WSP has experience in the design of all sizes of breakwaters, from shore-based groynes or fishtails measuring just tens of meters right up to shore-based or offshore breakwaters stretching over several kilometers. We have developed a robust repertoire of design techniques, including basic design, physical model testing, detailed design, and preparation of technical specifications – all tailored to the specific requirements of each new breakwater.
Our in-house geotechnical capability is tailored to individual projects to mitigate the settlement issues that are sometimes encountered during the construction and post-construction stages. We also have established relationships with industry-recognized physical modelling laboratories that construct physical models to allow design testing in simulated environments, eliminating guesswork and providing insight into the future performance of a given design in a real port scenario. Our team also has a wide range of site supervision experience, from condition surveys and repair design to site supervision – both for new constructions and as part of a remediation or maintenance project.
Subtitle 3 Intake and Outfall Pipelines
WSP has a proven track record of intake and outfall projects spanning decades, across the full spectrum of projects from cooling water and desalination plants to industrial and domestic effluents. We also perform conceptualization and design of intake structures and pipelines, including the prediction of effluent dilution, engineering surf zone crossings, and the specification of site-appropriate materials. Our expertise enables us to assess hydrodynamic and water quality around intakes and outfalls using oceanographic studies and modelling, assessing the impact on vulnerable habitats, and coastal zones, including beach water quality where applicable.
Water abstraction from, or discharge to, the marine environment remain important engineering requirements. Both are subject to strict environmental legislation to ensure the impact on oceans and inland water bodies are minimized. Traditionally, seawater abstraction has been primarily used as cooling water for power generation plants, especially in the nuclear sector, and the cooling of buildings in hot and dry climates has also gained popularity in recent years. In addition, the scarcity of drinking water in many arid regions has given rise to desalination and therefore a new use for abstracted seawater.
WSP was appointed for the design and construction monitoring of the Trekkopje Uranium Mine in Namibia. Water supply to the mine is provided by the largest desalination plant in Sub-Saharan Africa with an abstraction capacity of 3m 3 per second. We provided the required capacity through two intake pipelines that extend some 1.2km into the ocean.
