1

What is Devolution?

Devolution in England is intended to give power and responsibility to local areas so they can make decisions that better reflect the needs of their communities. 

2

What is Local Government Reorganisation?

Local government reorganisation is intended to change how England’s councils are structured to improve efficiency, accountability, and service delivery.

The scale of reform we’re seeing through devolution and local government reorganisation is the most significant in a generation. While it brings opportunities, it will place immense pressure on local authorities to find the capacity and capabilities to deliver transformative infrastructure while continuing to deliver essential services.

Driving devolution: three priorities for place-led transformation in local government reorganisation

This article in our series explores the complex balancing act required with local government reorganisation, supporting the workforce while recognising the generational opportunity for place services, all while ensuring a safe and legal Day One.

Read more

Driving devolution: how can you get the most from your Local Growth Plan

This article in our series focuses on maximising the potential of Local Growth Plans which help align local priorities to the UK industrial strategy. We examine how authorities must go beyond government guidance to build consensus on investment priorities. 

Read more

Driving devolution: five lessons for initiating local transport programmes and projects

This article in our series on devolution and local government reorganisation looks at another big question facing strategic mayoral and strategic foundation authorities: how do you ensure major programmes and projects get off to the best possible start? 

Read more

Driving devolution: integrated settlements signal all change for transport infrastructure funding

This article in our series on devolution and local government reorganisation looks at the long-term direction of travel towards consolidated, long-term funding for Local Government. How do local authorities build capacity and prepare for this responsibility, and what processes and governance do they need to put in place?

Read more

Driving devolution: three steps to procuring and delivering local transport infrastructure collaboratively

This article in our series on devolution and local government reorganisation looks at how mayoral strategic authorities and their constituent authorities can work together on procurement to deliver successful major transport infrastructure programmes.

Read more

Driving devolution: three priorities for building high-performing teams within transport and infrastructure authorities

As part of our series on devolution, using the example of combined authorities we examine how local transport authorities can create the effective organisations needed to deliver significant infrastructure investment.

Read more

Driving devolution: three ways to align transport investment to the net zero transition

As part of our series on devolution, we look how combined authorities, and local authorities can ensure their programmes deliver the carbon reductions needed to meet local commitments and support national carbon budgets and Net Zero targets/objectives by 2050.

Read more

Driving devolution: why transport strategies and assurance frameworks matter

As part of our series on devolution, we take a closer look at the importance of transport strategies and assurance frameworks in local government, particularly for mayoral combined authorities delivering investment in their regions.

Read more

Devolution is the transfer of powers and responsibilities from central government to local or regional authorities. In England, this allows areas to make decisions on transport, housing, skills, and more, tailored to local needs.

Devolved powers can include control over transport networks, adult education, housing investment, economic development, and health integration. The exact powers vary by devolution deal.

Devolution brings decision-making closer to the people, enabling more responsive services, targeted investment, and stronger local economies. It also enhances accountability through local leadership.

This 2025 legislation expands devolution across England, introduces new governance models like Mayoral Strategic Authorities, and strengthens local accountability and community involvement in decision-making.

Deals are negotiated between local leaders and central government. Once agreed, they are formalised through legislation or statutory instruments and implemented by local authorities.

The timing of devolution varies by region. Areas with existing deals already exercise devolved powers, while others are in negotiation or implementation phases. Under the 2025 English Devolution and Community Empowerment Bill, the government aims for full coverage across England by the end of the decade.

Local government reorganisation involves changing the structure of councils to improve efficiency, accountability, and service delivery. This may include creating new unitary authorities or combined authorities.

England has two-tier systems (county and district councils), unitary authorities (single-tier), and combined authorities with elected mayors. Reorganisation often moves areas toward unitary or combined models.

Proposals are developed by councils or government, followed by consultation and assessment. Final decisions are made by the Secretary of State and implemented through legislation.

Reorganisation often precedes or accompanies devolution, creating governance structures capable of managing devolved powers effectively and strategically.

Yes, councils can submit alternative proposals, respond to consultations, and lobby government. However, final decisions rest with the Secretary of State.

Simeon Butterworth
Simeon Butterworth
Strategic Growth Director, Local Government, WSP
United Kingdom
Ian Baker
Ian Baker
Director, Transport Planning
United Kingdom
Leanne Smith-Perrins
Leanne Smith-Perrins
Director - Transformation Advisory
United Kingdom
Kerry Bangle
Kerry Bangle
Major Projects Director, WSP
United Kingdom
Conor McCarthy
Conor McCarthy
Technical Director
United Kingdom
Jim Coleman
Jim Coleman
Head of Economics
Show more Show less

Local Government

As market leaders in the sector, we focus on local solutions and innovations that are actionable and are delivered at the right scale for our clients.

Read more

Future Ready Places

Our placemaking specialists turn our client’s vision for place into a practical reality, future-proofing our cities, buildings and environment.

Read more